Characteristics and main components of glass fiber

特点介绍 　　原料及其应用：玻璃纤维比有机纤维耐温高，不燃，抗腐，隔热、隔音性好，抗拉强度高，电绝缘性好。但性脆，耐磨性较差。用来制造增强塑料（见彩图）或增强橡胶，作为补强材玻璃纤维具有以下之特点，这些特点使玻璃纤维之使用远较其他种类纤维来得广泛，发展速度亦遥遥领先其特性列举如下： (1)拉伸强度高，伸长小(3%)。玻璃纤维切纱 (2)弹性系数高，刚性佳。 (3)弹性限度内伸长量大且拉伸强度高，故吸收冲击能量大。 (4)为无机纤维，具不燃性，耐化学性佳。 (5)吸水性小。 (6)尺度安定性，耐热性均佳。 (7)加工性佳，可作成股、束、毡、织布等不同形态之产品。 (8)透明可透过光线。 (9)与树脂接着性良好之表面处理剂之开发完成。 (10)价格便宜。 (11)不易燃烧，高温下可熔成玻璃状小珠。   主要成分 　　其主要成分为二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钙、氧化硼、氧化镁、氧化钠等，根据玻璃中碱含量的多少，可分为无碱玻璃纤维（氧化钠0%～2%，属铝硼硅酸盐玻璃）、中碱玻璃纤维（氧化钠8%～12%,属含硼或不含硼的钠钙硅酸盐玻璃）和高碱玻璃纤维（氧化钠13%以上，属钠钙硅酸盐玻璃）。

Carbon fiber heaters really work in cold weather

Carbon fiber tubes are mainly made of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP), a kind of fibrous carbon material. It is a new type of material with greater strength than steel, less density than aluminum, corrosion resistance than stainless steel, high temperature resistance than heat-resistant steel, and conductivity like copper, with many valuable electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. Planes made of carbon-fibre and plastic composites are lightweight, consume less power, push more and make less noise. Using carbon fiber to make the disk of electronic computer can increase the storage capacity and calculation speed of computer. Using CFRP to make space vehicles such as satellites and rockets has high mechanical strength and low mass, saving a lot of fuel. During the 1999 Yugoslav war in Kosovo, NATO used graphite bombs to disrupt much of the yugoslav power supply by creating a cloud of carbon fibre that covered a large area and short-circuited the system. Carbon fibers cannot be made from carbon components because they do not melt at high temperatures (sublimate above 3800K) and do not dissolve in various solvents. Carbon fiber tube can be prepared by solid phase carbonization of polymer organic fiber or gas phase pyrolysis of low molecular hydrocarbon. The vast majority of carbon fibers produced and sold worldwide are made from solid phase carbonization of polyacrylonitrile fibers. It is produced in the step of A pre-oxidation: heated in air and maintained at 200-300 degrees for tens to hundreds of minutes. The purpose of pre-oxidation is to convert polyacrylonitrile linear molecular chain into a heat-resistant ladder structure, so that it does not melt during high temperature carbonization and maintain the fiber state. B carbonization: heated to 1200-1600 degrees in an inert atmosphere, maintained for several minutes to tens of minutes, carbon fiber products can be generated; The inert gas can be high-purity nitrogen, argon, or helium, but high-purity nitrogen is commonly used. The carbon content of more than 99% of the so-called graphite fiber. Carbon fiber has high axial strength and modulus, no creep, good fatigue resistance, specific heat and electrical conductivity between non-metal and metal, small coefficient of thermal expansion, good corrosion resistance, low fiber density, good X-ray transmission.